Wednesday, May 04, 2011

'Freak Elections' - how did it come about?

Just thought that this is quite relevant - since GE 2011, the idea of 'Freak Election' have come about - thought I will paraphrase from this 
via. CHUA, B.-H. 1995. Commnuitarian Ideology and Democracy in Singapore, New York, Routledge.

In addition, we can also be reminded that 'freak election' is not new. It has its roots dating back to GE 1984 and to instll fear in the electorate. Thus, showing that Nominated MP scheme is a way to prevent 'freak elections' from ever happening.

Here is my very quick excerpt from Communitarian Ideology and Democracy in Singapore.  

PAP have four successive clean sweeps in previous general elections. 1968-1980. 


In 1984, PAP government imposed the very unpopular 'graduate mother policy'. Based on a census of 1980 which showed university graduate women were putting off marriage in favour of careers than less well-educated, lower income women. Lee Kuan Yew who believes that a person's ability is inherited, Lee saw the trends to be 'talents' would be diminishing while 'non-talented' genes will continue to grow. In order to deal with this problem, the government (PAP) implemented policies which encouraged marriage and increase childbirth amongst graduate women, with generous tax incentives. The less well-educated women were encouraged to 'stop at two', preferably one, with a cash grant of $10,000 to their social security fund. (I suspect it is CPF). The PAP then rationlised this set of 'unfair policies' by the argument that 'nature is undemocratic'. (Straits Times, 18 Aug, 1984) 


PAP is convinced that the policy was 'rational' and decide to tough it out in face of public protest. This result in the GE results where opposition securing 37% in 1984. 


A post-election survey showed that the result was venting of a deep dissatisfaction not only with specific policies but with the style of PAP, such as 'arrogance of power, an inflexible bureaucracy, growing elitism and denial of consultation and citizen participation in decision making' (CHAN, H. C. 1989. The PAP and the structuring of the political system, Singapore, Institute of South East Asian Studies.)


During this brief period of confusion, a significant characteristic of the PAP disclosed or rather confirmed; namely, its deep skepticism towards the common people's ability to make rational choices. This was made explicit in the emergence of the concept of 'freak elections' . Lee Kuan Yew reads the election result as indicative of the electorate using the vote to push the PAP government without toppling it. He then raised the concept of 'freak elections' – 'protest' vote might backfire and unintentionally might put less than able individuals (opposition) to govern which is against the national welfare. 


'freak elections' suggest that the opposition is not worthy.


As undemocratic procedures is no longer acceptable, other means of preventing the realisation of 'freak elections' must be found. One of these means is the nominated MP scheme. 

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